incluyes

Incluyes is the second-person singular present indicative form of the Spanish verb incluir, meaning "you include." It is used when addressing someone in the informal tú form. The present tense forms of incluir follow the -uir verb pattern with a written y: yo incluyo, tú incluyes, él incluye, nosotros incluimos, vosotros incluís, ellos incluyen.

In practical use, incluir is transitive and takes a direct object that is being added or contained within something. Common contexts include listing items, adding people to a group, or incorporating elements into a plan, document, or budget. For example: “Tú incluyes ese párrafo en el informe” and “¿Incluyes todos los gastos en el presupuesto?” In polite or formal contexts, corresponding forms with usted or ustedes use incluye/ incluyen, respectively (usted incluye, ustedes incluyen).

Etymology and orthography: incluir derives from Latin includere, meaning to enclose or contain, from in- (in) and cludere (to close). In Spanish, -uir verbs frequently produce a y in most present-tense forms to preserve pronunciation, yielding incluyo, incluyes, incluye, incluimos, incluís, incluyen.

Related terms include inclusión (inclusion), inclusivo (inclusive), and excluir (to exclude), the latter serving as the semantic opposite. The form incluyes specifically marks the second-person singular present tense and is one of the regular usages of tú in Spanish discourse.