impugnan

Impugnan is the third-person plural present indicative form of the Spanish verb impugnar. The verb means to challenge, dispute, or question the validity, authenticity, or legality of something such as a decision, a claim, or a document. Etymology traces impugnar to Latin impugnare, formed from in- (against) and pugnare (to fight).

In usage, impugnar is common in legal and administrative contexts, where parties may impugnar a ruling, a contract, or evidence. It is also employed in politics, sports, and everyday language to express formal or informal contestation of procedures, qualifications, or statements. The phrase impugnan typically appears with a plural subject, as in “Los demandantes impugnan la sentencia” (the plaintiffs challenge the ruling) or “Las candidaturas impugnan el proceso” (the candidacies dispute the process).

Conjugation notes: impugnar is a regular -ar verb. Present indicative forms include yo impugno, tú impugnas, él impugna, nosotros impugnamos, vosotros impugnáis (Spain) or impugnáis (alternative regional spelling), ellos impugnan. The imperfect is impugnaba(s), the present subjunctive is impugne(n), and related tenses follow standard -ar verb conjugation patterns. The noun impugnación denotes the act or process of impugning.

See also: impugnación, impugnador. In English-language contexts, impugnan translates as “they challenge” or “they contest,” depending on the sentence. Impugnan is not a standalone English word and is primarily used within Spanish-language texts.