immunofenotüüpiline

Immunofenotipik is a term used in immunology and cell biology to describe the identification and characterization of cells based on their unique expression of surface and intracellular antigens. These antigens, often proteins, are detected using antibodies, which bind specifically to their target molecules. By using a panel of antibodies, researchers can determine the presence or absence of specific antigens on a cell's surface or within its cytoplasm. This process is called immunophenotyping and it allows for the classification and differentiation of various cell types, including immune cells like lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, NK cells), monocytes, and granulocytes.

The technique is crucial for understanding normal cellular processes, as well as for diagnosing and monitoring diseases, particularly hematologic malignancies such as leukemia and lymphoma. For instance, certain types of leukemia are characterized by the abnormal expression of specific antigens on malignant cells, which can be detected through immunophenotyping. This helps in classifying the disease, predicting its behavior, and guiding treatment decisions. Flow cytometry is a common technology employed for immunophenotyping, enabling the rapid analysis of thousands of cells simultaneously, providing detailed information about their physical properties and antigen expression. In essence, immunophenotyping provides a cellular fingerprint, revealing the identity and functional state of cells.