immunitásra

Immunitás, or immunity in English, refers to the body's ability to resist infections and diseases. It is a complex system involving various cells, proteins, and organs that work together to defend the body against harmful pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. There are two main types of immunity: innate and adaptive.

Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense, providing immediate protection against infections. It includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as cellular and chemical responses that can quickly neutralize or destroy pathogens. Examples of innate immune responses include the production of antimicrobial peptides and the activation of phagocytes, which engulf and destroy invading microorganisms.

Adaptive immunity, also known as acquired immunity, develops over time and provides long-term protection against specific pathogens. It is mediated by lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, including T cells and B cells. When the body encounters a new pathogen, B cells produce antibodies that can recognize and neutralize the pathogen, while T cells help coordinate the immune response and destroy infected cells. This adaptive response is highly specific and can provide lifelong immunity against the pathogen.

Immunitás can be compromised by various factors, including age, genetics, lifestyle, and exposure to certain pathogens. Vaccines play a crucial role in boosting the immune system by stimulating the production of antibodies and memory cells, which can provide long-term protection against specific diseases. Understanding the principles of immunitás is essential for developing effective strategies to prevent and treat infectious diseases.