illustre

Illustre is a term used across several languages, primarily as an adjective meaning distinguished or eminent, and occasionally as a historical or literary variant in English. In English, illustre is largely archaic or stylistic, appearing in older texts or ceremonial contexts as a variant of illustrious. Modern usage typically favors illustrious.

Etymology and linguistic distribution

The word derives from Latin illustris, meaning bright, clear, or distinguished. It entered English through older forms of the language and has cognates in other Romance languages, notably French, Spanish, and Portuguese. In these languages, illustre or its close forms widely indicate notable distinction.

Usage in English

In English, illustre is rarely used in contemporary prose and is mostly encountered in poetry, epitaphs, or scholarly translations where a classic or solemn tone is desired. When used, it carries the same general sense as illustrious, signaling fame, high status, or celebrated achievement.

Usage in French, Spanish, and Portuguese

In French, illustre is a standard adjective meaning illustrious or renowned and applies to both masculine and feminine singular nouns; the plural form is illustres. It is common in formal writing and historical contexts, as well as in phrases such as “famille illustre.” In Spanish and Portuguese, ilustre (without the second “l”) is likewise used to denote a notable or distinguished person or entity, frequently in formal or literary contexts; plurals appear as ilustres.

Notes

Illustre should not be confused with illustré in French, which means illustrated. In English, the analogous modern term is illustrious.