iconostasul

An iconostas, also known as an iconostasis, is a wall of icons and religious images, separating the icon-free sanctuary from the nave, the part of the church accessible to the congregation. It is a characteristic feature of Orthodox, Eastern Catholic, and other Eastern Christian churches. The iconostas typically extends from floor to ceiling and is adorned with a series of icons arranged in a specific order, often in horizontal rows or tiers.

The word "iconostas" comes from the Greek words "eikon" (image) and "stasis" (standing place or separation). The iconostas serves both theological and practical purposes. Theologically, it represents the division between the heavenly realm and the earthly realm, with the icons acting as windows to the divine. It symbolizes the mystery of the liturgy and the presence of Christ. Practically, it conceals the altar and the sanctuary during certain parts of the divine service, adding to the solemnity and sacredness of these areas.

The arrangement of icons on the iconostas follows a hierarchical structure. The central and most prominent icons are usually the Deesis (Christ Pantocrator flanked by the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist), the royal doors, and icons of Christ and the Theotokos (Mother of God). Flanking the royal doors are often icons of the saint or feast day being celebrated. Above these are typically rows of Old Testament prophets and patriarchs, culminating in Christ enthroned. The specific iconographic program can vary depending on the church and tradition. The iconostas is a vital element in the visual theology and liturgical experience of Eastern Christianity.