hüdrokarbonaatide

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed entirely of hydrogen and carbon atoms. They are the fundamental building blocks of many materials, including fuels, plastics, and natural gas. The simplest hydrocarbon is methane (CH4), which consists of one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms.

Hydrocarbons can be classified into several categories based on their structure. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, meaning they contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. Their general formula is CnH2n+2. Examples include ethane (C2H6) and propane (C3H8). Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Their general formula is CnH2n. Ethene (C2H4) is the simplest alkene. Alkynes are also unsaturated hydrocarbons, characterized by the presence of at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. Their general formula is CnH2n-2. Ethyne (C2H2), also known as acetylene, is the simplest alkyne.

Aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene (C6H6), are a special class of cyclic hydrocarbons with a delocalized pi electron system, which gives them unique stability and reactivity. Hydrocarbons are a vast and important class of organic compounds with diverse applications in industry and everyday life. Their properties, such as boiling point and flammability, are largely determined by their molecular structure and size.