hõlmamine

Hõlmamine is a noun formed from the Estonian verb hõlmama and denotes the act or result of surrounding, enclosing, or including something within a boundary or scope. The term is used both in concrete senses—such as a garment that wraps around the body or a territory that encloses several subregions—and in abstract senses—such as the inclusion or coverage of certain elements within a plan, program, or field of study.

Usage and meaning: In everyday Estonian, hõlmamine expresses the extent to which something is encompassed by something larger. It can describe physical encirclement, geographic coverage, or the scope of an activity or concept. The word is common in formal and semi-formal contexts, including policy documents and academic writing. In mathematics or logic, discussions of sets being “hõlmatud” by another collection may occur, though more technical terminology is often used.

Examples:

- Program hõlmab hariduse, tööhõive ja sotsiaalse abi valdkondi.

- Ühiskondlik areng hõlmab nii tervishoiu kui ka koolituse ja sotsiaalsete teenuste valdkondi.

- Rannik hõlmab suure osa piirkonnast, ulatudes 150 kilomeetrini.

Notes: Hõlmamine implies a sense of completeness or totality of inclusion, as opposed to mere presence or coexistence. Synonyms include sisaldama and katma, depending on nuance.