hypersaliváció

Hypersalivation, also known as ptyalism or sialorrhea, refers to an excessive production of saliva or an inability to adequately manage normal saliva production, leading to drooling. While saliva is essential for digestion, lubrication, and oral hygiene, an overabundance can cause discomfort and practical difficulties.

The causes of hypersalivation are varied and can include neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease, stroke, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which can impair the swallowing reflex. Gastrointestinal issues like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can also trigger increased saliva production as the body attempts to neutralize stomach acid. Certain medications, particularly antipsychotics, can have hypersalivation as a side effect. Dental problems, infections, and even pregnancy can sometimes contribute to an increased saliva flow.

Symptoms beyond excessive saliva include difficulty swallowing, choking, and food or liquid pooling in the mouth. This can lead to skin irritation around the mouth, social embarrassment, and increased risk of aspiration pneumonia.

Diagnosis involves a medical history, physical examination, and potentially investigations into the underlying cause. Treatment strategies are tailored to the individual and the cause of the hypersalivation. They may include behavioral therapies to improve swallowing techniques, medications to reduce saliva production (though these can have side effects), or in some cases, interventions like Botox injections into salivary glands or surgical procedures to alter salivary gland function. Management often focuses on improving quality of life and preventing complications.