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Hydrophilicity refers to the ability of a substance to interact with water, often resulting in a strong affinity between the substance and water molecules. This property is crucial in various fields, including chemistry, biology, and materials science. Hydrophilic substances are typically polar or charged, which allows them to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Common examples of hydrophilic substances include sugars, alcohols, and certain salts. In contrast, hydrophobic substances are non-polar and do not interact strongly with water.

The hydrophilicity of a substance can be quantified using various methods, such as contact angle measurements and water absorption tests. These measurements help in understanding the surface properties and interactions of materials with water. Hydrophilicity plays a significant role in biological systems, where it influences processes like cell membrane permeability, protein folding, and enzyme activity.

In materials science, hydrophilicity is essential for the development of materials with specific water-interacting properties. For instance, hydrophilic coatings can enhance the durability of materials by preventing water penetration, while hydrophobic coatings can be used to repel water and dirt. Understanding and manipulating hydrophilicity is vital for creating materials with tailored properties for various applications, from medical devices to environmental protection.