hupóstasis

Hypostasis is a term with significant meaning in theology and philosophy, particularly within Christian doctrine. It originates from the Greek word hypostasis, meaning "standing under" or "foundation." In its philosophical usage, it can refer to the underlying reality or substance of something, distinct from its appearances.

In Christian theology, the concept of hypostasis became crucial in defining the nature of God, particularly concerning the Trinity and the person of Jesus Christ. For the Trinity, hypostasis is used to distinguish the three persons of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, while affirming their single divine essence or ousia. Each hypostasis is understood as a distinct mode of subsistence or personhood, yet they are one in substance.

The doctrine of the Incarnation also heavily relies on the notion of hypostasis. It is used to describe the union of the divine and human natures in the person of Jesus Christ. In Christology, the term signifies that there is one person (one hypostasis) who subsists with two distinct natures, divine and human, without confusion or division. This understanding emerged from debates in the early Church aimed at clarifying Christ's identity and salvific work. Different interpretations and refinements of the term hypostasis have shaped theological discourse throughout history.