hulláffüggvény

The hullámfüggvény, often denoted by the Greek letter psi (ψ), is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics. It is a mathematical function that describes the quantum state of a physical system, such as an electron or a photon. The hullámfüggvény contains all the probabilistic information about the system, including its energy, momentum, and position.

The square of the magnitude of the hullámfüggvény, |ψ|², represents the probability density of finding the particle at a particular point in space at a given time. This means that the hullámfüggvény itself is not directly observable, but its squared magnitude is related to measurable quantities.

The evolution of the hullámfüggvény over time is governed by the Schrödinger equation, a central equation in quantum mechanics. Solutions to the Schrödinger equation are the possible hullámfüggvények for a given system. These solutions are often characterized by quantum numbers, which determine the discrete energy levels and other properties of the system. The concept of superposition is also important, where a system can exist in a combination of multiple hullámfüggvények simultaneously until a measurement is made, at which point the hullámfüggvény "collapses" into a single state.