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HTTP requests are messages sent by a client to a server to request resources or perform actions. They are a core part of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). A request begins with a request line that includes a method (such as GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH), the target URL, and the HTTP version. It is followed by headers, such as Host, User-Agent, Accept, and Content-Type, and, for methods that submit data, an optional message body.

The server processes the request and returns a response containing a status code (for example, 200 OK, 404 Not Found, 201 Created), response headers, and an optional message body. HTTP is stateless, meaning each request is independent, though state can be tracked via mechanisms like cookies or authentication tokens. Modern HTTP supports persistent connections (HTTP/1.1), multiplexing and header compression in HTTP/2, and improved security and performance in HTTP/3.

HTTPS uses TLS to encrypt requests and responses, protecting confidentiality and integrity in transit. Common use cases include web browsing, API calls, and service integrations, where clients send data in formats such as JSON or form-encoded data.

Common methods have different purposes: GET retrieves data without side effects; POST creates new resources or submits data; PUT and PATCH modify existing resources; DELETE removes resources; OPTIONS queries available methods or capabilities. Clients include web browsers and API libraries, while servers perform routing, authentication, and data serialization. Understanding HTTP requests is essential for web development, API design, and debugging.