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A host operating system, often referred to as the primary or native operating system, is the operating system that runs directly on the physical hardware of a computer. It manages the computer's resources, such as the CPU, memory, storage, and input/output devices, and provides a platform for applications to run. Examples of host operating systems include Windows, macOS, and Linux distributions like Ubuntu. When virtual machines are used, the host operating system is the one installed on the actual machine that hosts these virtual environments. The host OS provides the underlying foundation for the hypervisor, which in turn manages the guest operating systems running in virtual machines. It is essential for the overall functioning and performance of the computer, and therefore of any virtualized environments it might support. Its stability and resource allocation directly impact the performance and reliability of the guest operating systems.