horizontales

Horizontales denotes lines, elements, or features that run left to right and are parallel to the horizon. In many languages, it is the plural of horizontal; in English, “horizontals” is used similarly. The core idea is orientation rather than function: horizontals lie at the same elevation in a given frame of reference, contrasting with verticals, which run up and down.

In geometry, a horizontal line has slope zero in standard Cartesian coordinates and is perpendicular to vertical lines. A horizontal plane is parallel to the ground.

Applications: In architecture and interior design, horizontals create a sense of width and stability; examples include belt courses, lintels, cornices, and mullions. In art and photography, horizontal compositions and horizon lines influence balance and mood; the rule of thirds often aligns important content with horizontal divisions.

Cartography and surveying use horizontals in references to horizontal datum, leveling, and sea level as a baseline for elevation.

In engineering and construction, ensuring horizontality is essential for safety and function; tools like a spirit level and laser level measure horizontal alignment.