homeostázi

Homeostasis refers to the ability of a biological system, such as an organism or a cell, to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions. This internal stability is crucial for the proper functioning of life processes.

The concept of homeostasis was introduced by the physiologist Walter Bradford Cannon. It involves a complex regulatory system that typically includes a sensor, a control center, and an effector. The sensor detects deviations from a set point, the control center processes this information and initiates a response, and the effector carries out the response to restore the balance.

Common examples of homeostatic mechanisms in the human body include the regulation of body temperature, blood glucose levels, blood pressure, and pH. For instance, when body temperature rises, the body sweats to cool down, and when it falls, shivering generates heat. Similarly, the pancreas releases insulin or glucagon to maintain blood sugar within a narrow range.

Disruptions to homeostasis can lead to illness or disease. For example, uncontrolled blood glucose levels are characteristic of diabetes. Maintaining homeostasis requires constant monitoring and adjustment, making it a dynamic and essential aspect of survival for all living organisms.