hipokalémiát

Hypokalemia is a medical condition characterized by a lower-than-normal level of potassium in the blood. Potassium is an essential electrolyte that plays a crucial role in nerve and muscle function, including the heart. Low potassium levels can disrupt these functions.

The causes of hypokalemia are varied. Common reasons include excessive loss of potassium through the kidneys, often due to diuretic medications or certain kidney disorders. Gastrointestinal losses, such as persistent vomiting or diarrhea, can also lead to significant potassium depletion. Inadequate dietary intake of potassium, though less common as a sole cause, can contribute. Certain hormonal imbalances, like hyperaldosteronism, can also result in increased potassium excretion.

Symptoms of hypokalemia can range from mild to severe depending on the degree of potassium deficiency. Mild cases may be asymptomatic. As potassium levels drop, individuals might experience muscle weakness, fatigue, cramps, and constipation. More severe hypokalemia can lead to irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias), paralysis, and even life-threatening cardiac arrest.

Diagnosis of hypokalemia is typically made through a blood test that measures serum potassium levels. An electrocardiogram (ECG) may also be performed to assess for any cardiac abnormalities. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause and replenishing potassium levels. This can be achieved through oral or intravenous potassium supplements and dietary adjustments to increase potassium intake. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent serious complications.