hiilensäätelyä

Hiilensäätely, also known as carbon capture and storage (CCS) or carbon capture and utilization (CCU), is a set of technologies that aim to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere by capturing it at the source, transporting it, and then either storing it underground or using it for other purposes. The primary goal of hiilensäätely is to mitigate the impacts of climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

The process typically involves three main stages: capture, transport, and storage or utilization. In the capture stage, CO2 is separated from other gases produced during industrial processes or from the combustion of fossil fuels. This can be done using various methods, such as post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture, or oxy-fuel combustion. Once captured, the CO2 is transported to a storage site or a utilization facility.

For storage, the CO2 is injected into underground geological formations, such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs or deep saline aquifers. These formations have the capacity to store large volumes of CO2 safely and permanently. Alternatively, CO2 can be used for various purposes, such as enhancing oil recovery, producing synthetic fuels, or as a raw material for chemical industries.

Hiilensäätely is considered a crucial technology in the fight against climate change, as it allows for the continued use of fossil fuels while significantly reducing their environmental impact. However, it also faces challenges, including high costs, energy penalties, and the need for robust regulatory frameworks to ensure safety and environmental protection. Ongoing research and development efforts are focused on improving the efficiency and reducing the costs associated with hiilensäätely technologies.