hidroponika

Hidroponika is a method of cultivating plants without soil, using a nutrient-rich water solution to deliver minerals to the roots. Plants are supported by inert growing media such as perlite, rockwool, coco coir, or clay pellets, and are kept in containers or channels through which the solution circulates.

The concept of soilless culture traces to ancient civilizations, but modern hydroponics was developed in the 20th century. Early experiments demonstrated that plants could grow by delivering nutrients directly to the roots, enabling precise control over nutrient availability, water, and environmental conditions.

Common hydroponic systems include nutrient film technique (NFT), where a shallow stream of nutrient solution runs over the roots; deep water culture (DWC), in which plant roots suspend in aerated solution; drip systems, where nutrient solution is delivered to each plant; and ebb-and-flow (flood and drain). Aeroponics is a related technique where roots are misted.

Key components are a reservoir, a delivery system (pump, tubing), a growing container with an inert medium, training for root oxygenation, and a controlled environment with appropriate light, temperature, and humidity.

Advantages include efficient water use, faster growth, higher yields, and the possibility of cultivation in urban or arid areas and without soil-borne pests. Disadvantages include high initial setup cost, energy needs for pumps and lighting, need for technical knowledge, and vulnerability to power outages and nutrient imbalances.

Typical crops are leafy greens (lettuce, spinach), herbs (basil, mint), and fruiting crops such as tomatoes and cucumbers; strawberries are also grown hydroponically. Practice is common in greenhouses, vertical farms, and indoor facilities.