hidrogénfoszforsóik

Hidrogénfoszforsóik is a Hungarian term referring to the hydrogen phosphate salts of phosphoric acid. These compounds are derived from phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) by the partial replacement of its hydrogen atoms with metal cations or other cations. There are two primary types of hydrogen phosphate salts depending on the degree of neutralization: dihydrogen phosphate salts and monohydrogen phosphate salts.

Dihydrogen phosphate salts, also known as primary phosphates, have the general formula MH₂PO₄, where M represents a cation. In these compounds, two hydrogen atoms of phosphoric acid remain. Examples include sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH₂PO₄) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄).

Monohydrogen phosphate salts, also known as secondary phosphates, have the general formula M₂HPO₄, where M represents a cation. In these compounds, one hydrogen atom of phosphoric acid remains. Examples include disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na₂HPO₄) and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K₂HPO₄).

These compounds are important in various chemical and biological processes. They are often found in buffer solutions due to their ability to resist changes in pH. In biology, phosphate ions are crucial components of DNA, RNA, ATP, and cell membranes. Many mineral phosphates are naturally occurring compounds. The term "hidrogénfoszforsóik" encompasses this entire class of partially neutralized phosphoric acid salts.