heterophileantistoffen

Heterophile antibodies are a class of antibodies that recognize antigens on cells or tissues of one species but are produced in response to an antigen from a different species or group. This cross-reactivity occurs because the antigens share similar structures. For example, a person might produce antibodies against bacteria that, due to structural similarities, also bind to human cells. This phenomenon is significant in both infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders.

In infectious diseases, heterophile antibodies can be a diagnostic marker. A classic example is the heterophile antibody test used to diagnose infectious mononucleosis, often caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. In this case, antibodies produced in response to the virus can agglutinate sheep or horse red blood cells. The presence and titer of these antibodies help confirm the diagnosis.

Heterophile antibodies can also play a role in certain autoimmune diseases, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. This can happen if an infection triggers the production of heterophile antibodies that cross-react with self-antigens. Identifying these antibodies can sometimes be crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of these conditions and for developing diagnostic tools. The study of heterophile antibodies has provided valuable insights into immune system function and the mechanisms of disease.