hepatotoksilisus

Hepatotoxicity refers to liver damage caused by exposure to certain chemicals, medications, or toxins. The liver is a vital organ responsible for numerous metabolic processes, including detoxification. When it encounters a substance that is harmful, it can become damaged, leading to impaired function.

The spectrum of hepatotoxicity can range from mild, reversible changes to severe, life-threatening liver failure. Symptoms may vary depending on the causative agent and the extent of damage. Common signs can include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and dark urine. In more severe cases, complications like ascites (fluid buildup in the abdomen) and encephalopathy (brain dysfunction) can occur.

Many substances can induce hepatotoxicity. These include certain prescription and over-the-counter medications, such as acetaminophen (in excessive doses), some antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and statins. Herbal supplements and traditional medicines can also be a source of liver injury. Environmental toxins, industrial chemicals, and alcohol are other significant contributors.

Diagnosing hepatotoxicity typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests to assess liver enzyme levels, and sometimes imaging studies like ultrasound or biopsy. Treatment focuses on identifying and removing the offending agent, supportive care, and managing symptoms. In cases of severe liver damage, a liver transplant may be necessary. Prevention involves careful use of medications, avoiding unnecessary exposure to toxins, and moderation in alcohol consumption.