hemolümfi

Hemolymph is a fluid, analogous to blood in vertebrates, that circulates in the hemocoel of many invertebrate animals, such as arthropods, mollusks, and tunicates. It is composed of plasma and hemocytes. The plasma is a colorless or yellowish fluid that carries nutrients, hormones, waste products, and immune cells. Hemocytes are specialized cells that perform various functions, including phagocytosis of foreign particles, encapsulation of parasites, and blood clotting.

In arthropods, hemolymph plays a crucial role in the transport of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. It also helps to regulate body temperature and maintain hydrostatic pressure, which is important for locomotion and molting. The composition of hemolymph can vary depending on the species and its physiological state. For example, some crustaceans have hemolymph that contains hemocyanin, a copper-containing protein that binds oxygen and gives the fluid a blue color.

Hemolymph is pumped throughout the body by a simple heart, which is usually located dorsally. The heart contracts and relaxes, creating a flow of hemolymph through the hemocoel. In some animals, the hemolymph also circulates through a system of vessels, but it does not typically form a closed circulatory system like that found in vertebrates. This means that the hemolymph bathes the organs and tissues directly, rather than being confined to blood vessels. The return of hemolymph to the heart is often facilitated by valves.