hazardoussubstance

Hazardous substance refers to any material or energy source that can cause harm to people, property, or the environment due to its chemical, physical, or biological properties. This includes materials that are toxic, corrosive, flammable, reactive, explosive, radioactive, or ecotoxic. It also covers mixtures where the combined properties create hazard. Common examples include solvents, acids, bases, pesticides, heavy metals, and compressed gases, as well as industrial byproducts and waste.

Hazard communication and classification: Agencies use systems such as the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) to classify hazards by acute toxicity, skin or eye irritation, respiratory sensitization, flammability, reactivity, and environmental toxicity. Safety data sheets (SDS) accompany hazardous substances and provide handling, storage, exposure controls, first aid, and spill response information. Labels include hazard statements and precautionary measures.

Handling and storage: Risk assessment identifies potential exposures and release pathways. Engineering controls (ventilation, enclosure), administrative controls (work practices), and personal protective equipment mitigate risks. Storage should be segregated by incompatibilities; flammables away from oxidizers; secondary containment for spills; temperature control as required.

Transportation and regulation: Hazardous substances are regulated for transportation, labeling, packaging, and documentation by authorities such as the DOT, ADR, IATA, or IMDG. Jurisdictions also regulate production, use, and disposal under frameworks like REACH, OSHA Hazard Communication, and environmental protection laws. Compliance reduces accidental exposure and environmental releases.