hasnyálmirigysejtekben

Pancreatic acinar cells are the most abundant cell type in the exocrine pancreas. These cells are responsible for synthesizing, storing, and secreting digestive enzymes, collectively known as pancreatic juice. The enzymes produced by acinar cells include proteases like trypsin and chymotrypsin, which break down proteins, amylase for carbohydrate digestion, and lipase for fat digestion. They also produce nucleases to break down nucleic acids.

Morphologically, pancreatic acinar cells are polarized. They have a basally located nucleus and abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, reflecting their high protein synthesis activity. Apically, they contain zymogen granules, which are membrane-bound vesicles storing the inactive precursor forms of digestive enzymes. Upon stimulation by hormones like cholecystokinin (CCK) and acetylcholine, these granules fuse with the apical membrane, releasing their contents into the pancreatic ducts.

The secretion of pancreatic enzymes is a tightly regulated process. Hormonal signals from the gut, triggered by the presence of food, and neural signals from the vagus nerve stimulate acinar cell activity. The coordinated action of acinar cells ensures efficient digestion of food in the small intestine. Dysfunction or damage to these cells can lead to malabsorption and other digestive disorders.