hardmetalls

Hardmetals, also known as cemented carbides or cermets, are composite materials produced by a powder metallurgy process. They consist of hard, refractory ceramic particles, typically tungsten carbide (WC), bonded together by a metallic binder, most commonly cobalt (Co). Other carbides like titanium carbide (TiC) or tantalum carbide (TaC) can be added to modify properties. The production involves mixing fine powders of the carbide and binder, pressing them into a desired shape, and then sintering the compact at high temperatures. During sintering, the binder melts and infiltrates the carbide particles, forming a dense, solid material upon cooling. This unique structure gives hardmetals their characteristic combination of extreme hardness and toughness. Their high compressive strength, wear resistance, and ability to retain hardness at elevated temperatures make them indispensable in a wide range of industrial applications. They are primarily used for cutting tools in machining, mining drill bits, wear-resistant components in pumps and seals, and dies for metal forming. The specific properties of a hardmetal can be tailored by adjusting the grain size of the carbide, the type and amount of binder, and the addition of other alloying elements.