hüpertoüreoidismi

Hypertyreoidismi, also known as an overactive thyroid, is a medical condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces hormones that regulate metabolism, affecting heart rate, body temperature, and energy levels. When it becomes overactive, these hormones are released in excessive amounts, leading to a faster metabolism and a range of symptoms.

The most common cause of hypertyreoidismi is Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Other causes include toxic multinodular goiter, where nodules on the thyroid produce excess hormones, and thyroiditis, which is inflammation of the thyroid that can temporarily release stored hormones.

Symptoms of hypertyreoidismi can vary but often include unexplained weight loss, rapid or irregular heartbeat, nervousness, anxiety, tremors, increased sweating, heat intolerance, and changes in bowel patterns. Goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland, may also be present.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels (T3 and T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and sometimes imaging tests like a thyroid scan or ultrasound.

Treatment aims to reduce the production of thyroid hormones. Options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy to destroy excess thyroid tissue, and in some cases, surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. The choice of treatment depends on the individual's condition, age, and overall health. Untreated hypertyreoidismi can lead to serious complications, including heart problems and osteoporosis.