hüperkaltsueemiat

Hypercalcemia is a medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood. Calcium plays a vital role in many bodily functions, including nerve signaling, muscle contraction, blood clotting, and bone health. When calcium levels become too high, it can disrupt these processes and lead to a range of symptoms.

The most common causes of hypercalcemia include hyperparathyroidism, a condition where the parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone, and certain types of cancer, particularly those that spread to the bones or produce hormones that affect calcium levels. Other causes can include prolonged immobility, excessive intake of vitamin D or calcium supplements, kidney disease, and certain medications.

Symptoms of hypercalcemia can vary widely depending on the severity and the underlying cause. Mild cases may be asymptomatic or present with vague symptoms like fatigue, constipation, and increased thirst or urination. More severe hypercalcemia can lead to nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, confusion, muscle weakness, bone pain, and in critical situations, heart rhythm abnormalities and kidney damage.

Diagnosis of hypercalcemia typically involves a blood test to measure calcium levels. Further tests may be conducted to identify the underlying cause, such as measuring parathyroid hormone levels, imaging studies, or other blood work.

Treatment for hypercalcemia focuses on addressing the underlying cause and lowering calcium levels. This may involve increasing fluid intake, medications to reduce calcium release from bones, or treating the underlying condition such as cancer or hyperparathyroidism. Severe cases may require hospitalization and more aggressive interventions.