gyökérkupak

A gyökérkupak, also known as a root cap, is a protective layer of parenchyma cells that covers the apical meristem of a plant root. Its primary function is to shield the delicate, actively dividing cells of the meristem from mechanical damage as the root grows through the soil. The gyökérkupak is continuously sloughed off and replaced by new cells produced by the root apical meristem.

The cells of the gyökérkupak are characterized by their thin cell walls and lack of a cuticle. They are rich in starch granules, which are thought to provide a reserve of energy for the root. Within the gyökérkupak, specialized cells called statocytes contain amyloplasts, which are organelles filled with starch. These amyloplasts settle to the bottom of the statocytes due to gravity, allowing the root to sense and respond to gravitational pull, a process known as gravitropism. This directional growth helps the root anchor the plant and seek water and nutrients.

The gyökérkupak also plays a role in the secretion of mucilage, a slimy substance that lubricates the root tip, easing its passage through soil particles. This mucilage can also facilitate the absorption of water and nutrients and may contain signaling molecules that influence the soil microbiome. Damage to the gyökérkupak can significantly impair root growth and development.