grundvallarfyrirkomulag

Grundvallarfyrirkomulag, also known as the Constitution of Iceland, is the supreme law of the Republic of Iceland. It was adopted on June 17, 1944, and came into effect on June 17, 1944. The Constitution is the foundation of Icelandic law and governs the structure of the Icelandic government, the rights and duties of citizens, and the principles of the Icelandic political system.

The Constitution is composed of a preamble and 100 articles. It establishes a parliamentary republic with a presidential system, where the President of Iceland serves as the head of state. The President is elected by the Althing, the Icelandic Parliament, for a four-year term. The Prime Minister, who is the head of government, is appointed by the President and is typically the leader of the political party or coalition with the majority of seats in the Althing.

The Constitution guarantees fundamental rights and freedoms, including the right to freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, and the right to a fair trial. It also outlines the structure of the Icelandic government, including the roles of the President, the Prime Minister, and the Althing. The Constitution can be amended through a two-thirds majority vote in the Althing, subject to a national referendum.

The Grundvallarfyrirkomulag has been amended several times since its adoption, most recently in 2012 to allow for same-sex marriage. Despite these amendments, the Constitution remains the cornerstone of Icelandic law and continues to shape the political and legal landscape of the country.