glycineNacyltransferase

Glycine N-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an acyl group to the amino group of glycine. This process is known as N-acylation. The enzyme belongs to the acyltransferase family and plays a role in various metabolic pathways. Specifically, it is involved in the detoxification of carboxylic acids in many organisms by conjugating them with glycine to form hippuric acid derivatives. These conjugates are typically more water-soluble and can be more easily excreted from the body.

In mammals, glycine N-acyltransferase is a key enzyme in the metabolism of benzoic acid. Benzoic acid, a common food preservative, is converted to benzoyl-CoA, which is then transferred to glycine by glycine N-acyltransferase to form hippuric acid. This conjugation is a significant pathway for benzoic acid elimination. The enzyme is found primarily in the liver and kidneys, organs crucial for detoxification and excretion.

While its role in detoxification is well-established, research has also explored its involvement in other biological processes, including protein modification and the metabolism of certain xenobiotics. The enzyme's activity can be influenced by various factors, including substrate availability and the presence of inhibitors or activators. Understanding the structure and function of glycine N-acyltransferase is important for comprehending xenobiotic metabolism and developing strategies for managing the toxicity of certain compounds.