glutealmusklaturen

Gluteal musculature refers to the group of muscles located in the buttock region that control movements of the hip and stabilize the pelvis. The principal muscles are the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus. These muscles originate from the pelvic bones and sacrum and insert mainly on the femur and the fascia around the thigh, allowing a range of hip movements and contributing to posture during standing and walking.

Anatomy and attachments: Gluteus maximus originates from the ilium, sacrum, and coccyx and inserts on the gluteal tuberosity of the femur and the iliotibial tract. Gluteus medius originates on the outer surface of the ilium and inserts on the greater trochanter of the femur. Gluteus minimus also originates on the ilium and inserts on the greater trochanter, beneath the gluteus medius. These muscles lie together but have distinct fiber orientations that influence their specific actions.

Function: The maximus is the primary hip extensor and external rotator, contributing to rising from a squat, climbing, and powerful movements. The medius and minimus primarily abduct the thigh and stabilize the pelvis during single-leg stance; their anterior portions assist in hip flexion and internal rotation, while the posterior portions assist in extension and external rotation. Collectively, they support gait and prevent contralateral pelvis drop.

Innervation and blood supply: The gluteus medius and minimus receive innervation from the superior gluteal nerve (L4–S1), while the gluteus maximus is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve (L5–S2). Blood supply comes from the superior and inferior gluteal arteries, branches of the internal iliac artery.

Clinical notes: Weakness or injury can cause a Trendelenburg gait, hip pain, or tendinopathy. Proper assessment includes pelvic stability during walking, and treatment may involve targeted strengthening, physical therapy, and, when indicated, imaging or injections.