glutamátdekarboxylázou

Glutamátdekarboxylázou, often abbreviated as GAD, is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of mammals. GAD catalyzes the decarboxylation of glutamate, removing a carboxyl group from the molecule to form GABA. There are two main isoforms of GAD, GAD67 and GAD65, which differ in their molecular weight and distribution within the brain. GAD67 is generally found in the cytoplasm and is responsible for the baseline production of GABA, while GAD65 is often associated with synaptic vesicles and is thought to be involved in the regulated release of GABA. The activity of GAD is essential for maintaining the balance of excitation and inhibition in neural circuits, and dysfunction of this enzyme has been implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including epilepsy, anxiety, and schizophrenia. Drugs that modulate GAD activity or GABAergic neurotransmission are important therapeutic agents for these conditions.