glitazone

Glitazone refers to a class of oral antidiabetic drugs that are also known as thiazolidinediones (TZDs). These medications are used to improve insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes. Glitazones work by activating specific nuclear receptors called peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), primarily PPAR-gamma, which are involved in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. By activating PPAR-gamma, glitazones increase the uptake and utilization of glucose in peripheral tissues like muscle and fat, and also reduce hepatic glucose production. This leads to a decrease in blood glucose levels.

The primary glitazone drugs available on the market include pioglitazone and rosiglitazone. They are typically used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic agents such as metformin, sulfonylureas, or insulin, when diet and exercise alone are insufficient to control blood glucose. While effective in improving glycemic control, glitazones have been associated with certain side effects and risks, including fluid retention, weight gain, and an increased risk of heart failure in some individuals. Due to these concerns, their use has become more restricted, and regular monitoring of patients is recommended.