glikokalixisa

Glikokalixisa refers to the glycocalyx, a gel-like layer surrounding the outside of many eukaryotic cells and some prokaryotic cells. This layer is composed primarily of carbohydrates, specifically oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, that are covalently attached to proteins and lipids on the cell surface. These glycoproteins and glycolipids extend from the plasma membrane, forming a fuzzy outer coat.

The glycocalyx plays a crucial role in various cellular functions. It serves as a protective barrier, shielding the cell from mechanical and chemical damage. It also helps to maintain cell shape and prevent cell fusion. Furthermore, the glycocalyx is involved in cell-cell recognition and adhesion, which is vital for the formation of tissues and the immune response. Specific carbohydrate structures on the glycocalyx can act as binding sites for other cells or molecules, mediating interactions between cells. It also plays a part in cellular communication and can bind signaling molecules. In some microorganisms, the glycocalyx can contribute to biofilm formation, a community of microbes encased in a self-produced matrix. The composition and structure of the glycocalyx can vary significantly between different cell types and organisms, reflecting its diverse roles.