glicogen

Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate that serves as the primary form of glucose storage in animals and fungi. It is a polysaccharide, meaning it is made up of many glucose units linked together. In animals, glycogen is predominantly found in the liver and muscles. Liver glycogen plays a crucial role in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis, releasing glucose into the bloodstream when levels drop. Muscle glycogen, on the other hand, is primarily used as an energy source for muscle contraction during physical activity. The structure of glycogen is highly branched, which allows for rapid breakdown and release of glucose when needed. This branching also makes it more soluble in water compared to other polysaccharides like starch. When the body needs energy, enzymes break down glycogen into glucose through a process called glycogenolysis. Conversely, when glucose levels are high, excess glucose can be converted into glycogen and stored, a process known as glycogenesis. Hormones like insulin and glucagon regulate these processes, ensuring that energy is available when the body requires it and stored efficiently when it is in surplus. Deficiencies in glycogen metabolism can lead to various metabolic disorders.