glenohumeralinen

Glenohumeralinen refers to the glenohumeral joint, commonly known as the shoulder joint. It is a ball-and-socket joint formed by the articulation of the glenoid cavity of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the head of the humerus (upper arm bone). This joint is crucial for the wide range of motion characteristic of the human arm, allowing for movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.

The glenohumeral joint is highly mobile but also inherently unstable due to the shallow nature of the glenoid cavity relative to the humeral head. Stability is primarily provided by the surrounding ligaments, the rotator cuff muscles, and the glenoid labrum, a ring of fibrocartilage that deepens the socket. The joint capsule encloses the articulation, and synovial fluid lubricates its surfaces.

Pathology affecting the glenohumeral joint can result in various conditions. Common issues include dislocations, where the humeral head separates from the glenoid, often due to trauma or underlying instability. Rotator cuff tears, involving damage to the muscles and tendons surrounding the joint, are another frequent problem, leading to pain and weakness. Arthritis, characterized by the degeneration of joint cartilage, can also affect the glenohumeral joint, causing pain and stiffness. The assessment of the glenohumeral joint typically involves physical examination, imaging techniques such as X-rays, MRI, and sometimes arthroscopy for diagnosis and treatment planning.