gjort

Gjort is the past participle of the Norwegian verb gjøre, which means to do or to make. It is widely used in combination with auxiliary verbs to form perfect tenses and with the verb være to form passive constructions. The corresponding simple past tense of gjøre is gjorde, while the past participle gjort is used in present perfect (har gjort) and past perfect (hadde gjort) constructions.

Etymology and cognates: Gjøre derives from Old Norse gjöra (or gera) and is related to other Germanic languages. The present tense forms show Danish gøre and Swedish göra as close cognates, reflecting the common West Scandinavian heritage. The past participle gjørt has remained stable in Norwegian, producing gjort in modern Bokmål and Nynorsk.

Forms and usage: The verb ensemble includes present tense gjør, past tense gjorde, and past participle gjort. Examples: Jeg har gjort leksene. Hva har du gjort i helga? Det er gjort. Passive constructions use være or bli with the participle: Det er gjort av en maskin (It is done by a machine). Gjort often appears in compounds and fixed phrases meaning completion, such as gjort ferdig (completed).

Grammar notes: Gjort is used with auxiliary har or hadde to form perfect tenses, and with er or blir to form passive voice. In adjectival phrases, gjort can describe a completed action or state, though Norwegian often prefers periphrastic expressions like å være gjort ferdig for specific meanings.

See also: Gjøre, norske verbbøyinger, norsk grammatikk.