gibberelliny

Gibberellins are a class of plant hormones that play a crucial role in various aspects of plant growth and development. They were first discovered in the early 20th century and are named after the Japanese term "gibberella," which refers to the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi. This fungus produces gibberellins as part of its metabolism, and when it infects plants, it causes a condition known as "bakanae disease," characterized by excessive stem elongation and leaf distortion.

Gibberellins are classified into 130 different types, each with a unique structure and specific biological function. They are synthesized in the plant's meristematic tissues and are transported to other parts of the plant via the vascular system. The primary functions of gibberellins include promoting stem elongation, breaking seed and bud dormancy, regulating flowering, and enhancing fruit development and ripening.

Gibberellins are involved in numerous physiological processes, such as photomorphogenesis, gravitropism, and responses to environmental stresses like drought and salinity. They also play a role in the plant's response to biotic stresses, such as pathogen infection and herbivory. The balance of gibberellin levels is essential for normal plant growth and development, and imbalances can lead to various growth disorders.

Gibberellins are widely used in agriculture to improve crop yields and quality. They are applied as growth regulators to enhance stem elongation in cereals, promote flowering in vegetables, and induce parthenocarpy (seedless fruit development) in fruits. However, the use of gibberellins in agriculture is subject to regulations to ensure their safe and effective application.