geosequestration

Geosequestration, also known as carbon capture and storage (CCS) or carbon sequestration, is a process that involves capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from sources like power plants and industrial facilities and storing them underground in geological formations. The goal of geosequestration is to prevent these greenhouse gases from entering the atmosphere, thereby mitigating climate change.

The process typically involves three main stages: capture, transport, and storage. Carbon capture technologies can be applied either at the source of emissions (post-combustion, pre-combustion, or oxy-fuel combustion) or directly from the air (direct air capture). Once captured, the CO2 is compressed into a liquid or supercritical fluid state for efficient transport, usually via pipelines.

The captured CO2 is then injected deep underground into suitable geological reservoirs. These reservoirs are typically porous rock formations, such as depleted oil and gas fields, deep saline aquifers, or unmineable coal seams. The CO2 is trapped within these formations by impermeable caprocks, preventing it from migrating back to the surface. Monitoring is essential to ensure the integrity of the storage site and detect any potential leakage.

Geosequestration is considered a potential tool for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, particularly from large industrial sources where emissions are concentrated. However, it is an energy-intensive process, and there are ongoing discussions and research regarding its long-term safety, cost-effectiveness, and potential environmental impacts. The widespread deployment of geosequestration technologies is still in its early stages.