geologiens
Geology is the science that studies the Earth's materials, structure, processes, and history. It seeks to understand how rocks form, how landscapes evolve, and how the planet's interior and surface interact over time. Geology covers the composition of minerals and rocks as well as the dynamic processes—volcanism, plate tectonics, erosion, sedimentation, and climate change—that shape the Earth.
Geology has a long intellectual history. Early natural philosophers practiced field observations, while the 17th and
Geologists use a range of subfields and methods. Subfields include mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, geophysics, geomorphology, sedimentology,
Geology informs resource exploration and management, groundwater and mineral prospecting, and natural-hazard assessment and mitigation. It