gammaaminomáselná

Gamma-aminomaselná, also known as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in the central nervous system. It is one of the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain, meaning it helps to reduce the activity of neurons and promote relaxation. GABA is synthesized from glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter, through a process involving the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD).

GABA receptors are classified into two main types: GABA(A) receptors and GABA(B) receptors. GABA(A) receptors are ionotropic receptors that open in response to GABA binding, allowing chloride ions to flow into the neuron and hyperpolarize the cell, thereby inhibiting its activity. GABA(B) receptors are metabotropic receptors that activate G proteins, leading to the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and the reduction of cAMP levels.

Gamma-aminomaselná is involved in various physiological processes, including the regulation of muscle tone, sleep, and anxiety. It is also implicated in the development of certain neurological disorders, such as epilepsy and anxiety disorders. Drugs that enhance GABA activity, known as anxiolytics, are commonly used to treat anxiety and insomnia.

The synthesis and metabolism of GABA are tightly regulated to maintain its levels within the brain. Disruptions in GABA signaling have been linked to various neurological and psychiatric conditions, making GABA a target for pharmacological interventions. Understanding the mechanisms of GABA action and its role in the brain continues to be an active area of research in neuroscience.