gallotanniini

Gallotannins are a class of hydrolyzable tannins found in various plant species, particularly in oak galls, which are abnormal growths on oak trees caused by insect larvae. They are esters of gallic acid and glucose. The primary components of gallotannins are alpha-gallotannic acid and beta-gallotannic acid, which are polymers of gallic acid linked to a central glucose molecule. The number of gallic acid units attached to the glucose can vary, influencing the properties of the tannin.

These compounds are known for their astringent taste and their ability to precipitate proteins. Historically, gallotannins have been used in tanning leather, as a source for inks (especially iron gall ink), and in traditional medicine for their purported medicinal properties. Chemically, they can be hydrolyzed to yield gallic acid and glucose. Their presence in plants contributes to defense mechanisms against herbivores and pathogens. Research continues to explore the potential bioactivities of gallotannins, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. The specific structure and composition of gallotannins can differ significantly depending on the plant source and extraction methods.