frustrerade

Frustrerade is a Swedish word with two main grammatical uses. It is the past tense form of the verb frustrera, meaning to frustrate or thwart someone, and it is also the plural form of the adjective frustrerad, meaning frustrated.

Etymology and related terms. The verb frustrera and the adjective frustrerad are loanwords in Swedish, borrowed from the English frustrate, which in turn derives from Latin frustratus. The noun frustration is also used in Swedish, often in a more technical or psychological context, and appears in academic and media language alongside the verb and adjective.

Grammatical usage. As a verb, frustrera forms the preterite as frustrerade for all subjects: jag frustrerade, du frustrerade, han/hon frustrerade, vi frustrerade, ni frustrerade, de frustrerade. As an adjective, frustrerad inflects in number and definiteness: singular uninflected form frustrerad; plural indefinite form frustrerade; definite plural form frustrerade (frustrerade studenterna). This dual-use can create ambiguity without context, but standard syntax usually clarifies whether the word is being used to describe mood or to express action.

Common meanings and contexts. Frustrerade describes a mental state of annoyance, disappointment, or being blocked from achieving a goal. In everyday language it can describe people, situations, or feelings. As a verb, it describes the act of hindering or preventing someone from achieving something.

See also. Related terms include besviken (disappointed), irriterad (irritated), upprörd (upset), and frustration as a concept in psychology and linguistics.