frameshiftet

A frameshift mutation, also known as a frameshift mutation, is a type of genetic mutation that occurs when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three. This results in a shift in the reading frame of the genetic code, causing a cascade of errors in the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein. Frameshift mutations can be caused by the insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide or a series of nucleotides, and can occur spontaneously or as a result of exposure to mutagens.

Frameshift mutations can have significant effects on an organism's phenotype, as they can lead to the production of non-functional or truncated proteins. In some cases, frameshift mutations can result in the production of a completely new protein with a different function, a phenomenon known as neo-functionalization. Frameshift mutations can also lead to the production of dominant-negative proteins, which can interfere with the function of the wild-type protein.

Frameshift mutations are a common cause of genetic disorders, including cystic fibrosis, Huntington's disease, and sickle cell anemia. They can also play a role in the development of cancer, as they can lead to the activation of oncogenes or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Frameshift mutations are typically detected using molecular biology techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing.