fotoreceptoros

Fotoreceptoros are specialized cells within the retina of the eye that are responsible for detecting light. These cells convert light energy into electrical signals that the brain can interpret as vision. There are two main types of fotoreceptoros: rods and cones.

Rods are highly sensitive to light and are primarily responsible for vision in low-light conditions, also known as scotopic vision. They do not perceive color and provide black-and-white vision. Humans have approximately 120 million rods in each eye.

Cones are less sensitive to light than rods and function best in brighter light, enabling photopic vision. They are responsible for color perception and detail. There are three types of cones, each sensitive to different wavelengths of light: red, green, and blue. Humans have about 6 million cones in each eye, concentrated in the fovea, the central part of the retina.

The photopigment within fotoreceptoros undergoes a chemical change when exposed to light. This change triggers a cascade of events that ultimately leads to the generation of an electrical signal. This signal is then transmitted through other retinal neurons to the optic nerve and finally to the brain's visual cortex for processing. The interplay between rods and cones allows for a wide range of visual perception, from seeing in dim light to distinguishing millions of colors.