fotopolümerisatsiooni

Fotopolümerisatsiooni, also known as photocuring or UV curing, is a chemical process where light energy is used to initiate a polymerization reaction. This reaction transforms a liquid or paste-like monomer or oligomer into a solid polymer. The process typically involves photoinitiators, which absorb light energy and generate reactive species, such as free radicals or cations. These species then initiate the polymerization chain reaction.

The most common energy source for photopolymerization is ultraviolet (UV) light, though visible light can also be used depending on the photoinitiator system. The speed of the curing process is highly dependent on the intensity and wavelength of the light source, as well as the composition of the photopolymerizable material. Photopolymerization offers several advantages, including rapid curing times, low energy consumption, and the ability to cure at room temperature, which is beneficial for heat-sensitive substrates.

Applications of photopolymerization are widespread and include coatings, adhesives, inks, dental composites, and 3D printing. In these applications, the material is applied in its liquid form and then exposed to light, causing it to solidify almost instantly. This rapid solidification allows for efficient manufacturing processes and the creation of complex shapes and structures. The chemical formulations can be tailored to achieve specific properties in the final cured polymer, such as hardness, flexibility, and chemical resistance.