fotonikus

Fotonikus is a term used in some languages to describe phenomena, devices, and technologies that relate to photons and the field of photonics. In this usage, fotonikus denotes the generation, manipulation, and detection of light for information processing, sensing, and imaging. The concept sits at the intersection of physics and engineering, focusing on how light can be used to perform practical tasks.

Key components and phenomena in fotonikus include lasers, optical fibers, waveguides, modulators, and detectors. Integrated photonics aims to combine many of these elements on a single chip to create compact optical circuits. Core physical effects involve total internal reflection, interference, diffraction, and nonlinear optics, which enable switching, frequency conversion, and amplification of light.

Applications of fotonikus span communications, sensing, and beyond. In communications, optical fibers carry large data volumes over long distances with low loss. In sensing and imaging, photonic methods enable high-resolution biomedical imaging, environmental monitoring, and spectroscopic analysis. In information processing, photonic and quantum photonic technologies seek high-speed data handling and secure communication, while laser-based processing supports manufacturing and materials science.

History and terminology: the broader field of photonics emerged from advances in lasers, fiber optics, and semiconductor devices during the mid-20th century and expanded rapidly in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The form fotonikus is used in some languages as a direct translation or adaptation of photonics to describe photonics-based technologies and research.

See also: Photonics, Optoelectronics, Quantum photonics, Optical engineering.