fotokonduktorile

The term "fotokonduktorile" translates from Estonian to "photoconductor". A photoconductor is a material that changes its electrical conductivity when exposed to light. This phenomenon is known as the photoconductive effect. When photons of sufficient energy strike the material, they excite electrons, creating free charge carriers (electrons and holes) that can move through the material. This increased mobility of charge carriers leads to a decrease in electrical resistance, meaning the material becomes more conductive.

Photoconductors are typically semiconductors or insulators. Their sensitivity to light can vary greatly depending on the material composition and its crystalline structure. Different photoconductors are sensitive to different wavelengths of light, from ultraviolet to infrared. The speed at which the conductivity changes in response to light and returns to its original state when the light is removed are important characteristics.

The applications of photoconductors are widespread. They are fundamental components in xerography, the process used in photocopiers and laser printers. In these devices, a photoconductive drum is charged, then exposed to light projected through an image. The illuminated areas lose their charge, creating an electrostatic image that attracts toner particles. Photoconductors are also used in image sensors for digital cameras and in light meters. Other uses include photodetectors, light-activated switches, and in some types of solar cells.