fotodynaamisen

Fotodynaaminen is a Swedish term that translates to "photodynamic" in English. It refers to a therapeutic and diagnostic technique that uses a photosensitizing agent, light, and oxygen to produce a cytotoxic effect. This process is known as photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photodynamic diagnosis (PDD).

In photodynamic therapy, a photosensitizing drug is administered to the patient, typically intravenously or topically. This drug is selectively absorbed by abnormal cells, such as cancer cells or certain types of bacteria. After a period of time, during which the drug accumulates in the target cells, the area is exposed to a specific wavelength of light. The light activates the photosensitizing agent, which then reacts with oxygen present in the cells. This reaction produces reactive oxygen species, which are highly toxic to the cells and lead to their destruction. PDT is used to treat various conditions, including certain types of cancer, macular degeneration, and skin conditions like acne and actinic keratosis.

Photodynamic diagnosis utilizes a similar principle but with the goal of identifying abnormal tissues rather than destroying them. The photosensitizing agent is administered, and when exposed to specific wavelengths of light, it fluoresces or emits light of a different color. This fluorescence can highlight areas of abnormal tissue that might not be visible under normal examination, aiding in diagnosis and guiding surgical procedures.